Vai trò của estrogen với cơ thể phụ nữ

Estrogen - The golden hormone that maintains youthful beauty

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1. What is estrogen?

Estrogen is one of the important female hormones, mainly produced by the ovaries from puberty, in addition to being present in the placenta and in the adrenal gland. There are three types of estrogen, with concentrations depending on the stage in a woman's life: 

  • Estradiol (E2): is considered the most active of the three types of estrogen and is also the hormone with the highest concentration in women of reproductive age. It is essentially a steroid mainly produced by the ovaries. Estradiol deficiency is believed to be one of the causes of serious gynecological problems such as fibroids, cysts, etc. 
  • Estron (E1): is the main hormone when women begin to transition to premenopause and menopause, considered the weakest type of estrogen. During this period, ovarian function gradually decreases, causing the production of estradilol to decline; another process that simultaneously occurs is the conversion of estradiol to estrone. 
  • Estriol (E3): is the dominant hormone in concentration during pregnancy and is important in helping the uterus and fetus stay healthy. Estriol levels begin to increase around week 8 of pregnancy and reach their highest level about 3 weeks before birth. Additionally, tests of estriol levels in pregnant women can detect problems with the placenta and detect the risk of premature labor. When women are not pregnant, estriol is the type of estrogen with the lowest concentrations.

    estradiol, estriol, estron
    Types of estrogen hormones

2. The role of estrogen in the female body

Estrogen appears and preserves "femininity" since puberty, including: development of genital organs, subcutaneous fat layer, clear voice, soft figure...

2.1. The role of estrogen in female fertility:

Vai trò của estrogen
Estrogen's role in fertility

– Mammary gland: Forms mammary tissue, develops milk ducts, helps stop milk secretion after the baby is weaned.

– Ovaries: Stimulates the development and maturation of ovarian follicles, thereby causing ovulation to occur.

– Fallopian tube: Thickens the smooth muscle wall in the fallopian tube, creating favorable conditions for fertilization and implantation.

– Cervical: Regulates flow, thickness and makes cervical mucus thin and alkaline. Thanks to that, the sperm moves to the egg more easily, making the fertilization process more convenient.

– Uterus: Strengthens and maintains the mucous membrane inside the uterus, stimulating uterine muscles to develop and contract. This is necessary during childbirth and also aids in the removal of dead cells in the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle.

– Vagina: Maintains the thickness of the vaginal wall and promotes vaginal lubrication, thereby enhancing stimulation, increasing sexual pleasure, keeping the vagina soft and reducing friction during sexual activity in women. .

2.2. The role of estrogen in other organs in the body:

Tác dụng của estrogen lên da, tóc, móng
The role of estrogen in other organs

– Skin: Stimulates collagen production and increases skin moisture, making skin shiny and healthy, slowing down the aging process and wrinkles.

– Hair: Estrogen is one of four hormones that directly affect hair growth and loss.

– Skeletal muscle: Participates in the process of height development during puberty, widens the pelvis, and increases calcium-phosphate salt deposition in bones, helping to maintain bone structure. Therefore, when estrogen levels decrease to low levels, women will increase the risk of osteoporosis and spinal deformity.

– Brain: Estrogen promotes vasodilation, heat dissipation and lowers body temperature. Estrogen deficiency can cause hot flashes and sweating. In addition, estrogen contributes to maintaining brain function, slowing down the process of forgetfulness as age increases. Some literature suggests that estrogen helps reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in women.

– Cardiovascular: regulates the liver's cholesterol production process, increases "good fat - HDL", reduces "bad fat - LDL" and increases vessel wall strength.

– Urinary system: strengthens and maintains the epithelial layer of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside) to help protect the bladder and urinary tract from bacterial invasion.

3. Symptoms of estrogen disorders in women?

3.1. Increased estrogen secretion.

Increased female hormones are common in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome can begin during puberty, including lack of menstruation, amenorrhea, and hirsutism like men. Besides, people with PCOS face the risk of serious health problems such as infertility, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, blood fat, menstrual disorders...

3.2. Reduce estrogen

Every year, millions of women around the world are facing hormonal decline. This condition can be due to different causes:

– Genetics: some genetic factors (aromatase deficiency, Fragile X syndrome, Turner syndrome...) can reduce female hormones

– Hyperthyroidism: can disrupt the monthly ovulation stimulation mechanism, causing amenorrhea or no menstrual period.

– Hypopituitarism: causes a deficiency in the hormone that signals the ovaries to create estrogen, leading to low estrogen levels in the body

– Ovarian removal: most of the estrogen in a woman's body is produced by the ovaries. Therefore, surgical removal of the ovaries causes estrogen deficiency.

– Radiation therapy: cancer treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy affect ovarian function, the amount of estrogen produced is not enough.

– Side effects of drugs: some drugs (rifampicin, barbiturates, warfarin, carbamazepine, griseofulvin...) enhance the elimination of estrogen in the liver.

– Lifestyle: many studies have shown that hormonal decline can be caused by diet and mental stress.

– Age: when women enter premenopause, estrogen levels decrease due to ovarian deterioration and estrogen production gradually decreases. This is the most common cause of female hormone deficiency.

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Wishing you and your family good health and quality life! 

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